Pantethine – an active form of pantothenic acid, or vitamin B5 – is a vital component of coenzyme A, a cofactor in dozens of enzymatic reactions, including reactions involved in fat and carbohydrate metabolism.* Pantethine appears to facilitate the metabolism of fatty acids by activating coenzyme A, which promotes carnitine's transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria and subsequent intra-mitochondrial oxidation of those fatty acids.* Consequently, pantethine supplementation has been found to support good cardiovascular health.* In addition, increases in beneficial HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 have been associated with pantethine supplementation.* Pantethine is also considered to be an "anti-stress" vitamin because it supports healthy adrenal cortex function and hormone synthesis, particularly during times of stress.*

Clinical trials suggest, because its biochemical configuration is closer to coenzyme A than pantothenic acid, that pantethine might have more benefit than pantothenic acid.*

The presence of pantethine facilitates the body's production of apolipoprotein A1, the major protein component of HDL, which promotes the removal of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion.*

Pantothenic acid deficiency can result in adrenal atrophy, which is characterized by increased fatigue, sleep disturbances, nausea, and abdominal discomfort.*